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7.4 Fibonacci & Other Patterns

7.4 Fibonacci & Other Patterns
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  • 15. Triangular Numbers

    The sequence of triangular numbers is

    1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, 28, 36, 45, ....

    Describe the pattern. (See Example 5 and Example 6.)

    • Worked-Out Solution

      The nth triangular number is the sum of the first n whole numbers.

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      _____      ___    __    __   __   __     _____  
     / ____||   / _ \\  \ \\ / //  \ \\/ //   / ___// 
    / //---`'  / //\ \\  \ \/ //    \ ` //    \___ \\ 
    \ \\___   |  ___  ||  \  //      | ||     /    // 
     \_____|| |_||  |_||   \//       |_||    /____//  
      `----`  `-`   `-`     `        `-`'   `-----`   
                                                      
    
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  • 16. Triangular Numbers

    The sequence of triangular numbers is

    1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, 28, 36, 45, ....

    Describe how the sequence of triangular numbers is related to the following diagram. (See Example 5 and Example 6.)

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      _____      ___      _  __    _____     _____   
     / ____||   / _ \\   | |/ //  |  ___||  |__  //  
    / //---`'  / //\ \\  | ' //   | ||__      / //   
    \ \\___   |  ___  || | . \\   | ||__     / //__  
     \_____|| |_||  |_|| |_|\_\\  |_____||  /_____|| 
      `----`  `-`   `-`  `-` --`  `-----`   `-----`  
                                                     
    
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  • 17. Triangular Numbers

    The sequence of triangular numbers is

    1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, 28, 36, 45, ....

    Is 115 a triangular number? Explain your reasoning. (See Example 5 and Example 6.)

    • Worked-Out Solution

      The nth triangular number is the sum of the first n whole numbers.

      By continuing the pattern, you can see that 115 is not a triangular number.

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     _____      ______    ______    ______   _    _   
    |  __ \\   /_   _//  /_   _//  /_   _// | || | || 
    | |  \ ||   -| ||-   `-| |,-    -| ||-  | || | || 
    | |__/ ||   _| ||_     | ||     _| ||_  | \\_/ || 
    |_____//   /_____//    |_||    /_____//  \____//  
     -----`    `-----`     `-`'    `-----`    `---`   
                                                      
    
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  • 18. Lucas Sequence

    The Lucas sequence is named in honor of mathematician François Édouard Anatole Lucas.

    The Lucas sequence is

    1, 3, 4, 7, 11, 18, 29, 47, 76,....

    Describe the pattern. (See Example 5 and Example 6.)

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      ____      ______   _    _    __   __   __   _   
     |  _ \\   /_   _// | || | ||  \ \\/ // | || | || 
     | |_| ||   -| ||-  | || | ||   \ ` //  | '--' || 
     | .  //    _| ||_  | \\_/ ||    | ||   | .--. || 
     |_|\_\\   /_____//  \____//     |_||   |_|| |_|| 
     `-` --`   `-----`    `---`      `-`'   `-`  `-`  
                                                      
    
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  • 19. Lucas Sequence

    The Lucas sequence is named in honor of mathematician François Édouard Anatole Lucas.

    The Lucas sequence is

    1, 3, 4, 7, 11, 18, 29, 47, 76, ....

    Describe how the Lucas sequence is related to the cactus. (See Example 5 and Example 6.)

    • Worked-Out Solution

      When looking down on the cactus, there are two sets of spirals. One is clockwise and the other is counterclockwise. The one set has 18 spirals and the other set has 11 spirals.

      The numbers 11 and 18 are the 5th and 6th numbers of the Lucas sequence.

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                ______   _    _    __   __    ______  
      ____     /_   _// | \  / ||  \ \\/ //  /_   _// 
     |    \\    -| ||-  |  \/  ||   \ ` //     | ||   
     | [] ||    _| ||_  | .  . ||    | ||     _| ||   
     |  __//   /_____// |_|\/|_||    |_||    /__//    
     |_|`-`    `-----`  `-`  `-`     `-`'    `--`     
     `-`                                              
    
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  • 20. Lucas Sequence

    Use the spreadsheet to find the ratio of successive Lucas numbers. What number do you approach as the numbers get larger? (See Example 5 and Example 6.)

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      _  __   __   __    ____     _    _     ____    
     | |/ //  \ \\/ //  |  _ \\  | || | ||  |  _ \\  
     | ' //    \ ` //   | |_| || | || | ||  | |_| || 
     | . \\     | ||    | .  //  | \\_/ ||  | .  //  
     |_|\_\\    |_||    |_|\_\\   \____//   |_|\_\\  
     `-` --`    `-`'    `-` --`    `---`    `-` --`  
                                                     
    
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